Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Understanding Perovskite Film Characterization Routes

Understanding Perovskite Film Characterization Routes Introduction: A perovskite sun illicit chamber is a sort out of daylight based cubicle which consolidates a perovskite cool, calm and collected compound, a good number flask halide-based material, to the same extent the light-social result dynamic layer. Perovskite materials, in favor of instance, methylammonium lead halides are modest in the direction of progress to as a consequence undemanding headed for make. Sun based cubicle efficiencies of strategy with these supplies say unlimited since 3.8% participating in 2009 on the way to 22.1% popular median 2016. The last name perovskite daylight based cell is gotten starting the ABX3 expensive gemstone constitute of the care for materials, because perovskite of structure. Generally, on average careful perovskite safeguard is methylammonium principal trihalide (CH3NH3PbX3, somewhere X is a halogen molecule, used for instance, iodine, bromine before chlorine), plus an optical bandgap inside the constituency of 1.5 plus 2.3 eV depending leading halide content. Formamidinum indication trihalide (H2NCHNH2PbX3) has moreover exhibited ensure, by means of bandgaps in the sphere of the district of 1.5 along with 2.2 eV. The dishonorable bandgap is earlier toward the tighten up used for a separate than methylammonium lead trihalide, therefore it be supposed to transpire all set instead of upper efficiencies. The basic waste going on perovskite daylight based device was popular a shading file sect via CsSnI3.. A dull worry is the fuse of direct such as a bit of the perovskite materials; sun based cells during tin-based perovskite shields, on behalf of instance, CH3NH3SnI3 experience moreover been represented in the company of hand down restriction adjust efficiencies . Diagrams demonstrates the energy exchange efficiencies of the perovskite-primarily based devices over late years apparently with emanant photovoltaic research improvement and besides traditional thin film photovoltaics. Figure 1: Perovskite sunlight hours primarily based cells have extended in strength alternate adequacy at a remarkable rate diverged from various sorts of photovoltaics Perovskites are a group of resources with the purpose of stake a nearly like structure, which operate a crowd of brisk properties in the manner of superconductivity, magnetoresistance with the sky is the ultimate beginning so as to point. These adequately together supplies are seen equally the luck of daylight based cells, since their explicit put together makes them refine on behalf of engaging insignificant exertion, profitable photovoltaics. Figure 2: Pervoskite. a making slight film PV class is being enclosed, in like path named third period PVs, which proposes PVs utilizing advances that can conquer current ampleness and execution limits or depend on upon novel materials. This third moment of PVs wires DSSC, ordinary photovoltaic (OPV), quantum bit (QD) PV and perovskite PV. A perovskite sun situated cell is some sort of daylight based cell which fuses a perovskite sorted out compound, most for probably the most part a cross regular inorganic lead or tin halide-based material, as the light-gathering dynamic layer. Perovskite materials, for example, methylammonium lead halides are humble to produce and large an easy task to manufacture. Perovskites have inalienable properties like wide maintenance territory, brisk charge parcel, long transport detachment of electrons and openings, long transporter division lifetime, which make them to a good degree empowering materials for solid state sun situated cells. Perovskite sun based totally cells desire to construct the performance and lower the value of solar based essentialness. Perovskite PVs for beyond any doubt keep ensure for excessive efficiencies,.A noteworthy favored point of view perovskite PVs has over preferred solar located advancement is they can react to various precise wavelengths of mild, which allows them to exchange over a more outstanding measure of the light that receives in touch with them into power. Likewise, they offer flexibility, semi-straightforwardness, specifically fitted part elements, light-weight and that is currently the start. Regularly, gadget originators and researchers are positive that such residences will open up numerous extra packages for sun arranged cells. One difficulty is their preferred price , and every other is that much less expensive perovskite sunlight hours based cells have a quick future. Perovskite PVs furthermore smash down rapidly internal seeing wetness and the ruin matters strike steel anodes. Overpowering exemplification to assure perovskite can upload to the cellphone price and weight. Scaling up is every other problem high performance opinions were proficient the use of little cells, that is great for lab trying out, but too little to possibly be used as a bit of a real sun based board. An vital problem is dangerous fine a substance known as PbI is one of the breakdown after effects of perovskite. This is thought to be poisonous and there are stresses that it can be disease bringing on .In like manner, numerous perovskite cells use lead, an significant tainting. Examiners are consistently attempting to find substitutions, and feature officially made working cells the use of tin. Perovskite Fabrication: The structure beneath addresses a wellknown (non-adjusted) perovskite sun arranged cell primarily based upon a preferred glass/ITO substrates with metallic again contact. All this is required to shape a operating device from the perovskite are two rate-specific. An significant range of the usual interface layers from the universe of normal photovoltaics work for the most part nicely. For example, PEDOT:PSS and the PTAA-class of polymers ability wonderfully as starting interface layers, while PCBM, C60, ZnO and TiO2 makes convincing electron interfaces. Regardless, the sector is new to the point that there is a boundless record of possible interface substances to be researched. Figure 3: structure of perovskite sunlight based cell. 2. Characterization of Perovskite: Material characterization settle for a basic half in power phenomenon (PV) analyze and is essential understand the extensiveness of latest improvements . Several systems from particles to teams ar beginning at currently accessible to decide on the structure and properties of PV materials, structures and devices. To understand remuneration by native flaws or probably accidental wrecking influences, and in the instance of crystalline materials, grain limit imperfections and prompts comprehension of real cell efficiencies. The final characterization are often achieved simply with a blend of new portrayal ways to incorporate the basic method of characterization. There are several characterization of perovskite solar cell such as XRD, SEM ,AFM ,KPFM ,Photo Celiv, impedance ,XPS/UPS and UV -VIS . 2.1. X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) Beginning at currently high ability skinny film electrical happening sun organized cells tools square measure being created in assortment of crystallographic outlines: epitaxial, crystalline, transparent or imprecise. Essential and microstructural parameters of those devices square check notably linked to the execution of the sunshine burning cell. Considering the broad extent of materials and structures used as somewhat of creating the sun care managed cells there rectangular measure a broad group of x-shaft optical trend and dispersing methodology and geometries which will be used for depiction of sun handled cell device. XRD is associate degree in a situation non-perilous examination mechanical assemblage that offers quantitative data on the crystalline periods in thin-film structures. Which has a smart alternative of X-bar supply and optical real mathematics, XRD examination can be related to a diverse assortment of crystalline and crystalline materials used for PV. precisely once used as a chunk of conjunction with compound assessments, a separated depiction of thin-film structures will be delivered. XRD strategies count on after the dispersing of X-pillars by the particles in an exceedingly discontinuous bunch, i. e., the cross-punch phase. wise diffusive happens once the stage separate between the scattered surf from particles within the cross-space planes is actually a varied of 2, an ailment thats geometrically met when the method length qualification of the scattered waves is surely an elementary number of wavelengths. The lure is finding the illustration and discoverer at positions in house w ith reference to the scene column so optic phenomenon maxima will be distinguished. totally different agreements, for example, the turning valuable stone system, the Laue procedure and then the powder methodology block measure comprehensively used for crystallographic analysis. assortments of the powder system square measure utilized, having a powder or film illustration lying digressively to a concentrating drift represented by the partition between the X-pillar supply emanant difference and therefore the circumstance during this procedure, an control most outrageous within the diffracted surface is found when the affiliation between the picture . The example is lighted with a lightweight emission x-beams on the variable goal extend. Association within the specimen brings regarding diffracted x-beams once the Bragg condition is consummated. occurring spectra area unit traditional for man-made piece and stage. The procedure terribly provides level ID (e. g. co2 ), on-board stage measuring, the troubles crystallinity, crystal size and building block estimate. To get superimposed materials, Grazing Occurrence XRD (GIXRD) permits integrative profundity identification of phases within the structure. Non-damaging examination with characteristic proof of stage e. g. quartz/cristobalite/tridymite for silicon dioxide Stage analysis, the troubles crystallinity and estimation of crystal and building wedge live Profundity identification of integrative and stage changes within superimposed materials by Grazing Incidence XRD Estimation of layer thickness on the nm scale for really clean materials utilizing Ray x Reflectivity (XRR) The cause for this review is to look at impact of grouping doping at variable molar proportion of I, Cl, and Br in inorganic-herbal sun based basically cells utilising CH3NH3PbI3xyBrxCly perovskite mixes. The impact of incredibly stay of grouping doping of I, Cl and Br mixes in the perovskite shape on the electrical phenomenon conduct are going to be tested for boosting the electronic transporting conduct. By using XRD, perovskite layer are going to be Affirmed for finding an sincere situation and development in the gem structure. Electrical phenomenon cells of fluorine-doped tin-oxide (FTO) FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3 PbI3xyBrxCly/HTL/Au. Figure demonstrates XRDs of the perovskite solar bound cells doped with I, Cl and Br. The optical phenomenon styles of CH3NH3PbI3, PbI2 and TiO2 have been outstanding as comments. Beneath customary states of institution doping of I, a solid optical phenomenon high in 2ÃŽÂ ¸ changed into nonheritable to be fourteen.07Ë  , evaluation to be around half of-dozen.29 Ã… in d-dividing. The setting apart changed into apportioned to the (one hundred) floor of perovskite gem shape. Energies 2016, 9, 376 five of ten halogen doping of I, a strong optical phenomenon prime in 2ÃŽÂ ¸Ã‚  became nonheritable to be fourteen.07 °, contrast to be around 6.29 Ã… in dà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ spacing. The dividing turned into relegated to the (100) floor of perovskite gem structure. Incidence gauge boson to current amendment efficiencies (IPCEs). FIG: Table records the optical phenomenon parameters of a hundred of the perovskite gem shape doped through I, Cl whats extra, Br. The go phase consistent changed into quite diminished by means of a mixture of grouping doping of I, Cl and Br. The dividing became faded via enlargement of Cl and Br mixes as contrasted and i. The crystal measure swollen from 387 Ã… to 486 Ã… by means of enlargement of the grouping doping using I, Cl and Br. The pricey stone improvement, size and gem dispersing within the perovskite shape became changed by using expansion of a trifle overall of grouping doping. Fuse of I and Cl as dopants into the perovskite crystalline shape considerably multiplied the electrical phenomenon execution, electronic structure, optical assimilation, band hole and therefore the shipping conduct within the perovskite layer. Control of atomic wide variety 17 and bromide as dopant is essential to increase the country of the photo generation, transporter transporting conduct mor eover, the electric phenomenon execution of Jsc and PCE.

Monday, January 20, 2020

consumer driven economy :: essays research papers

A Consumer Driven Economy In the past, marketing has been based on a stimulus and response method, where marketers would send out stimuli in the form of advertising and promotions to receive a specific response in the consumer’s behavior. Today, marketers have discovered an alternative way to communicate with their consumers called sense-and-respond. A sense-and-respond model is where advertisers sense what consumers are saying they want, through their behavior, and the marketers respond as promptly and as efficiently as possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This new trend is giving the consumer control over the decisions that until now, the corporations made for them. This impacts many aspects of business- from the items the retailers decide to stock, how the merchandise is categorized, the delivery, and the consumers even have more control over the development of new products. Putting the consumer in control could save a company a lot of money, while keeping the consumer satisfied with the product. Many popular companies are now practicing sense-and-respond when it comes to running their business. Wal-Mart uses the Internet to allow their suppliers to access data about their daily sales. While doing this they are not only helping their suppliers, but they are also avoiding overstocking their stores; hence they only buy what they know they will sell. Companies such as Dell that mass customize their product for the consumer are also practicing sense–and-respond. While giving the consumer complete control over what they want in their product, Dell avoids wasting stock that cannot be sold to the consumer. Being a consumer, I am personally thrilled to see this change in the retailer-consumer relationship. I was never aware of the losses that businesses suffered when their products did not sell to their expectations, understanding what the consumer desires will greatly improve this condition of waste.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Banana Sap As Natural Ink Essay

Banana (Musa Ãâ€" Paradisiaca) is a very common plant in Malaysia and in the Philippines. Often the banana trunk is thrown away after harvesting the fruit. The waste material is biodegradable. Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the Genus Musa, and is also the name given to the fruit of these plants. It is a native plant found in the tropical region of Southeast Asia, the Malay Archipelago, and Australia. Today, it is cultivated throughout the Tropics. The banana was mentioned for the first time in written history in Buddhist texts in 600 BC. The stalk is the stem of the banana plant. The banana stalk produces one huge flower cluster and then dies. The stalk is usually cut off the plant when the bananas are plump and ready to ripen. Before it dies, there are a number of things the banana stalk can be used for. The use of banana sap, as a medium for artwork has never been explored in Malaysia. Banana sap is used in other countries such as Indonesia as textile dying and Latin America as Medicinal uses. Banana sap from some parts of the tree contains pigment and dyes, thus not aware of this potential medium is a waste. This material is biodegradable and this research is conducted to test the potential of banana sap as a pigment and dye to be used as an alternative natural ink. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers wish to extend their most sincere appreciation to the following people who helped make this research. They are the people who helped and contributed for the success of this endeavor. To God, for his gift of wisdom and understanding, and for answering our prayers in their times of need. To their Science teacher, Ms. Avrylle Corpuz for teaching the researchers the fundamental of research and investigatory writing and for showing a great deal of patience though at times the researchers tends to be naughty and wild. To their parents and family members, for the unending love and support that they gave. To the observer/respondents, for their integrity and cooperation. And lastly, to all those who were a part of this work, they thanked themselves for being cooperative and hardworking throughout the investigatory project. INTRODUCTION Background of the Study A banana is an edible fruit produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants of the genus Musa. (In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called plantains.) The fruit is variable in size, color and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. The fruits grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. Along with this edible fruit is saps: extremely sticky and can be used as a practical adhesive. Sap can be obtained from either the pseudostem, the fruit peelings, or from the flesh. Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink nowadays, are used by many people around the world. Nowadays, ink is getting much more expensive. An average of 22$ (880pesos) per quarter ounce. Ink is mostly made out of comprising solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants,  particulate matter, and fluorescers. Thus the experiment is all about recycling banana saps and making ink more affordable. There have been many experiments ahead of this. Others have tried using berries beet juice, orange, and many other more. But, these fruits that are used, needs the juice, skin, and the likes. The researchers chose banana because they are using not the fruit itself but the saps. Also, most fruits that are used for the making of the ink. The researchers think that this will help them attain a better quality of life because it will cut down the prices of ink. All these set aside the question on everyone’s mind is: Will this natural ink be as effective as the ink people are using today? Statement of the Problem This study determines the effect and practicality of banana sap in making a natural ink. The banana stalk, where the researchers got the banana sap, was biodegradable. It specifically seeks to answer the following question: 1. Will the product really work as an alternative natural ink? 2. Is the natural ink from the banana sap better than the commercial inks? 3. Does the natural ink from the banana sap require a preservative? Significance of the Study Nature can provide for everyday needs such as writing ink. Traditional ink sources include flower petals and tree bark, and though fruit sources are less traditional, they also make for useful ink. Berries and cherries, with their high juice content, are ideal for ink making. Unlike other juicy fruits such as watermelons, citrus fruits or peaches, berry and cherry juice are dark enough to show on writing paper. On this study, the researchers chose a banana sap as an alternative natural ink so that they will be able to know and discover other natural alternative inks aside from berries, which is commonly used. Scope and Limitation The study of comparing banana sap as a natural ink to a commercial ink is limited only on the use of banana sap, dye and commercial ink. For the  study, the researchers just emptied the unused pens or pens that won’t function well. The researchers were also careful in doing this because ink might be harmful if swallowed and it may irritate the eyes. The group will only use banana sap with powdered dye (diluted with water) and an empty invisible pen to perform the study. The researchers will not use any other substance or chemicals as enhancer to the natural ink. REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE Musa Ãâ€" Paradisiaca and Its Pseudostems Bananas (Musa Ãâ€" Paradisiaca) are native to tropical Southeast Asia, but have long been cultivated in many countries from Asia to Europe for its fruit and to a lesser extent for its fiber. Banana is commonly mistaken as a tree but it is actually a large perennial flowering herb with leaf sheaths that form trunk-like pseudostems that grows from a corm. Banana can grow up to 7 meters in height that has about 8 – 12 spirally arranged leaves that are up to 2.7 meters long and 0.6 meter wide. Banana sap is among the most sticky and stubborn substances on earth. You will never get it off your clothes, some people say. Banana sap is extremely sticky and can be used as a practical adhesive. Sap can be obtained from the pseudostem, from the fruit peelings, or from the fruit flesh. Banana Sap as Dye for Fabrics Banana sap is used as a medium to dye fabrics in Indonesia and Philippines. The color of banana sap is brownish and it’s substance on the fabrics well. Dried banana peel contains 30 to 40% tannin content; it’s used to blacken leather. The ash from the dried peel of bananas and plantains is rich in potash and used for making soap. While that of the burned peel of unripe fruits of certain varieties is used for dyeing. In the Philippines, the Pinatubo Negritos cut off a banana plant close to the ground, make a hollow in the top of the stump, which then fills with watery sap is drank as an emergency thirst quencher. Central Americans obtain the sap of the red banana in the same manner and take it as an aphrodisiac. Making Berry Inks (Huckleberry, Raspberry, Blackberry and Pokeberry) Ink  making is a wonderful way to use up some of the berries that you can forage for outdoors or grow in your garden. With a berry ink, you can do wonderful water washes, use a dip pen and write great letters, or use it for various drawings and sketches. You can also use your ink for spiritual journaling or magical work. Having an ink you’ve made yourself allows you to be creative while making use of sustainable materials that are locally harvestable. Berries should be ripe (never under-ripe) or slightly over-ripe. Berries that have a nice dark stain when you cut it open are effective. Berry inks are going to be a little more watery and lighter than a traditional synthetic or processed ink. Banana Sap in Medicine All parts of the banana plant have medicinal applications because banana sap has the properties of antifungal and antibiotic. Found in the peel and pulp of fully ripe bananas, the antibiotic acts against Mycobacteria .The inside of the peel has anti-septic properties as it can be wrapped directly around wounds or cuts in an emergency. The flowers of banana can be used for treatment in bronchitis and dysentery and on ulcers; cooked flowers are given to diabetics; the astringent plant sap in cases of hysteria, epilepsy, leprosy, fevers, hemorrhages and acute dysentery, however it is also applied on hemorrhoids insect and other stings and bites; young leaves are placed as poultices on burns and other skin afflictions; the astringent ashes of the unripe peel and leaves are taken in dysentery and diarrhea and used for treating malignant ulcers. The roots are administered in digestive dysentery and other ailments; banana seed mucilage is given in cases of catarrh and diarrhea in India. Banana sap is also used to reduce high blood pressure; serotonin inhibits gastric secretion and stimulates the smooth muscle of the intestines. Alleged hallucinogenic effects of the smoke of burning banana peel have been investigated scientifically and have not been confirmed. Charcoal Briquettes from Banana Peels These days there is increased pressure on forests as people cut trees for firewood and other purposes in the last 30 years, for example, Uganda has lost half of her forest cover. Local people are being encouraged to adopt energy saving technologies that put less pressure on natural resources. One  example is the use of banana peelings, commonly referred to as banachakol (banana charcoal), to A woman from a group of community workers known as Bakyala Tweyune (â€Å"Women in self-help†), responsible to make the banachakol, and the production process for the briquettes. The technology that will save many trees is started in Lungujja near Kampala, where a woman named Namusoke Immaculate, the founder of Bakyala Tweyune women’s group, has innovated a new method of alternative fuel by turning banana peelings into charcoal briquettes. They just used one-half basin full of fresh banana peelings, a quarter basin of charcoal dust, and a quarter basin of fine sand. They chop the fresh banana peelings into small pieces. Once the banana peelings are chopped, and then mix the three ingredients together – the banana peelings, the charcoal dust and the sand. The demand of the banana briquettes will make people sort banana peelings from garbage in areas where they are thrown. Conceptual Framework This study primarily focused on the banana sap as an effective natural ink and to be able to compare the natural ink from commercial ink. The dependent variable is the banana sap while the independent variable is the powdered dye (diluted with water). In this study, the dependent variable is the banana sap (extract) because the researchers extracted it with their materials. The independent variable is the powdered dye because it is pre-manufactured. Hypothesis Banana sap is extremely sticky and it stains your clothes hideously and immediately. The natural ink from the banana sap will be effective but it will be a little more watery than a processed (commercial) ink and it won’t last long. The product is also natural so it will be removed easily. Definition of Terms Musa Ãâ€" paradisiaca – Banana; It is the common name for a fruit and also the herbaceous plants of the genus Musa which produce the commonly eaten fruit Pseudostem- It is a false stem made of the rolled bases of leaves. Mycobacteria- It is a bacterium of a group which includes the causative agents of leprosy and tuberculosis. Banachakol- It is a banana charcoal. Banana Sap- It is among the most sticky and stubborn substances on earth. You will never get it off your clothes. Tannin- It is a yellowish or brownish bitter-tasting organic substance present in some galls, barks, and other plant tissues, consisting of derivatives of gallic acid. Commercial Ink- Ink that has been used by people these days. Cloth Thread- It is a kind of thin yarn, thin fibers spun together, for textiles and sewing. Musa- It is one of three genera in the family Musaceae; it includes bananas and plantains. Ink- It is a colored fluid or paste used for writing, drawing, printing, or duplicating. Invisible pen- It features invisible ink that can only be revealed using the UV black light in the cap. Rinsable- Capable of being rinsed. METHODOLOGY Materials The materials that were used in this study were the banana sap from the banana stalk, container, cloth thread, a casserole, wooden stick that will be used for pounding, powdered dye, water and an empty invisible pen. Collection A medium sized banana stalk was collected from one of the researcher’s backyard. The empty invisible pen was collected from one of the researchers’ house. The container, cloth thread, casserole and the wooden stick were collected from one of the researchers’ kitchen. Procedure A. Measurement of the Materials Needed Four (4) table spoons of powdered dye (diluted with water), one (1) invisible pen, and the extract of a medium sized banana stalk. B. Preparation of the set-up Four (4) set ups were prepared; set-up one (1) was made up of the preparation and production for the banana sap, set-up (2) was made up for the preparation of the powdered dye, set-up three (3) was made up of the preparation of the empty invisible pen and set-up four (4) was made up of the mixture of the banana sap and the diluted powdered dye. C. Preparation of the Mixture The banana sap and the diluted powdered dye were mixed in container, boiled and put inside the invisible pen. D. Disposal The non- biodegradable and biodegradable materials that were used were segregated. Methodology Flow Chart Preparation of the Materials Needed Getting the Banana Sap (extract) from the Banana Stalk Preparation of the Dye (Diluted with Water) Mixture of the Banana Sap and Dye Observation of the Finished Product Disposal of Used Materials Evaluation and Comparison from a Commercial Ink The table shows the inks’ effect when used to write on paper. For the natural ink, the researchers chose a black dye (diluted with water) then, mixed with the banana sap extract. From the researchers’ observations and comparisons, the natural ink is more pale in color compared to the commercial ink. From the data above, it clearly states the effectiveness of the natural ink. The researchers chose the banana sap as a mixture with the dye because the its extract is sticky and it stains clothing. Lastly, there are no significant effect to the skin of the researchers who mixed and the banana sap and dye which may be interpreted as allergy or irritation. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions Based from the results gathered in the experiments, the researchers conclude that using Banana sap (Musa Ãâ€" Paradisiaca), in the form of a decoction, is an effective alternative natural ink. Banana saps are free and the other materials needed in making the decoction can be easily found in any household. Furthermore, the researchers conclude that the banana sap is environment friendly because it is organic and safe to use for humans because there are no side effects in using it aside from the stickiness of it and it might stain their clothing. Compared to the commercial ink, the natural ink is a little watery and it’s easier to wash off your hands. Recommendations Based from the drawn conclusions, the researchers further recommend the following: a. Conduct more experiment using varied conditions and method of preparation. b. Use different sub-specie of banana tree. c. Use applications on different types of paper as ink. d. Use or add other sticky substances. e. Conduct an experiment on a longer span of time. Bibliography Mimosa Pudica and Its Pseudostems Landmeier, P., Plants of Eastern Guatemala, December 16, 2012 www.medicalhealthguide.com, What Is Banana, 2011 Banana Sap as Dye for Fabric Ahmad, H., ALTERNATIVE MEDIUM FOR ARTWORKS, October 2007 Making Berry Inks Willowcrow, Making Berry Inks (Huckleberry, Raspberry, Blackberry, Pokeberry, Etc.), August 29, 2012

Friday, January 3, 2020

Americanization of the Australian Media Essay - 1228 Words

Americanization of the Australian Media The Australian television and media have become americanised through the influence of American media and television programs in Australia. This research will only concentrate on the extent of Americanisation in Australia through the influence on television and the film industry as the aspect of Americanisation covers a wide range from fashion to language. To fully understand the topic of the hypothesis, proper exploration of the definitions of ‘identity’ and ‘culture’ are of relevance. ‘Identity’ and ‘culture’ play an integral role in what an Australian represents as well as how the world views Australians. The meaning of ‘identity’ can be summarized as; ‘The collective aspect of the set of†¦show more content†¦It is applied indiscriminately within the Australian media to label array of factors seen as threatening to national identity, way of life or values. This uncomplimentary use of Americanisation sees Australia as adopting social practices and cultural values which originates in the United States. (Bennett 1999) Television has, without doubt, received more attention from Americanisation critics on media globalization more than any of the other domains e.g. fashion, language. According to Tony Bennett (1999, p.207) the early 1960s represented the peak in the Americanisation of popular culture measured by the proportion of American material transmitted. Most analysists now agree that about half of Australian television scheduled is taken up with imports, with US material dominating the commercial channels and British programs comprising the bulk of overseas material broadcast by the ABC (Bennett 1999, p.212). In what is probably the most systematic comparison of international flows, Tapio Varis reported that Australia has seen a decline from 57 per cent of imported programming to 40 per cent in 1983, although the proportion of imported programs at prime time was slightly higher at 46 per cent. Although Australia’s proportion of imported television is high compared to the Western Europea n countries (yet significantly lower than New Zealand), commentators have generally claimed that such imported programs do not attractShow MoreRelatedThe United States995 Words   |  4 Pagesorigin of this process was first defined in around 1800 (Dictionary). During this time, we started to first see the term â€Å"Americanize† in the British vernacular, which subsequently led to the adoption of the term â€Å"Americanization† by the United States and the world. The Americanization of the world has worked in two ways: the embrace of American culture by the outside world and the forced implementation of our culture in countries around the globe. Each country that has been influenced by the UnitedRead MoreAustralian Films - Screening Responces3687 Words   |  15 PagesWeek 1: Screening Australianness ‘Newsfront’ (1978) Newsfront (1978) is about the commencement of Australian television. It notions the changing times; the context before the television was a household object. The movie marks the beginning of mass social and political change that was intensified by World War II. With countless men at war, Australian women were able to enter and overtake male roles in the workforce. As a result, Feminism was strengthening. Along with the Women’s movement intoRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on Malaysia13672 Words   |  55 Pagesinternational aid organizations like Oxfam ;third world government organizations like the G77; business organizations and trade unions whose competitiveness is threatened by globalization like the U.S. textiles and European farm lobby, as well as the Australian and U.S. trade union movements. Read more:http://www.investorwords.com/2182/globalization.html#ixzz1Ijdm09ST What Is Globalization? | Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of differentRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesArguments that the new migrants are different and less able to assimilate than those in earlier waves often point to the rise in transnational connections and ease of return travel, the expansion of dual citizenship, the prevalence of home-language media, stronger ethnic and racial differences, the emergence of segregated labor markets that block advancement, and the illegal status of many migrants.69 Most of these arguments rest on weak historical foundations. In nations where assimilation is the